交易對(duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Counterparty Risk)

　　交易對(duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指交易對(duì)手不履約的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)榻灰讓?duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的存在，使得信用衍生產(chǎn)品并不能完全消除信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是同一般的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相比，信用衍生產(chǎn)品本身的交易對(duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是較小的。這是因?yàn)樾庞醚苌a(chǎn)品的交易對(duì)手或?yàn)橐涣鞯纳虡I(yè)銀行，或?yàn)樾庞玫燃?jí)為AAA級(jí)的投資銀行。（信用等級(jí)分AAA級(jí)(信用等級(jí)優(yōu)秀企業(yè))、AA級(jí)(信用等級(jí)良好企業(yè))、A級(jí)(信用等級(jí)較好企業(yè))、B級(jí)(信用等級(jí)一般企業(yè))、C級(jí)(信用等級(jí)較差企業(yè))等五個(gè)等級(jí)。）這兩類(lèi)機(jī)構(gòu)必定是資本充足并且違約概率較小。

A counterparty is a party with which a transaction is done. If A sells something to B, then B is a counter-party from A's point of view and vice-versa.

The risk that the counterparty will fail to fulfil their obligations - usually either by failing to pay or by failing to deliver securities - is called counterparty risk.

There are a number of ways of controlling counterparty risk. Some are trading mechanisms such as DVP or the use of a central counterparty.

Financial institutions should track and manage counterpart risk in much the same way as any other credit risk, and this should be integrated into institutions' overall risk management system.

The counterparty risks from securities trading are either simple credit risks (where the risk is that the other party will not pay) or a combination of credit risk with the risk of a position in a derivative (where the risk is that the other part will not deliver securities).

Counterparty risk tends to be at least as much of a concern to regulators as to the institutions exposed to it. This is because a large financial institution will be a counterparty to many others, and therefore the knock-on effects of its failure pose a systemic risk.